1) design capacity is said to be 5.376Ah, but written directly on the
battery is 7.7V, 41Wh (=~5.324Ah) and nominal 5350mAh. While small, the
battery is being overcharged to 5.376Ah (101%). Is there a way to
correct the design capacity to 5.324Ah, and force the machine to keep
the charge no higher than 5.324Ah?
No. The value is reported by the battery.
It's also unclear if you can influence the charging process. Some
laptops (like Thinkpads) allow this, others do not. If they do,
they use some vendor-specific methods.
2) the CritMax and WarnMax entries are blank. Is there a way to
inform the machine of these parameters, and issue a warning and stop
charging the machine until the issue is resolved?
You can set values, and this notifies powerd to trigger some action.
But you cannot stop the charging process. Best would be to play
an alarm signal telling you to remove the power cord.