Subject: Re: CVS commit: src
To: None <explorer@netbsd.org>
From: Zdenek Salvet <salvet@ics.muni.cz>
List: source-changes
Date: 03/30/1999 15:43:59
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> Module Name: src
> Committed By: explorer
> Date: Thu Mar 25 03:38:00 UTC 1999
>
> Added Files:
> src/sys/net: if_sppp.h if_spppsubr.c
> Log Message:
> port FreeBSD's serial ppp layer to NetBSD. The PPP part seems broken still,
> but the lmc driver uses the HDLC bits from here anyway.
What is the problem ?
Attached files work for me (in 1.3 kernel), I use the code in PPP mode to
connect to Ciscos.
--
Zdenek Salvet salvet@ics.muni.cz
Ustav vypocetni techniky Masarykovy univerzity, Brno
tel.: ++420-5-41 512 257 Fax: ++420-5-41 212 747
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
If God had meant for us to be in the Army,
we would have been born with green, baggy skin.
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/*
* Defines for synchronous PPP/Cisco link level subroutines.
*
* Copyright (C) 1994 Cronyx Ltd.
* Author: Serge Vakulenko, <vak@zebub.msk.su>
*
* This software is distributed with NO WARRANTIES, not even the implied
* warranties for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*
* Authors grant any other persons or organizations permission to use
* or modify this software as long as this message is kept with the software,
* all derivative works or modified versions.
*
* Version 1.7, Wed Jun 7 22:12:02 MSD 1995
*/
#ifndef _NET_IF_HDLC_H_
#define _NET_IF_HDLC_H_ 1
struct slcp {
u_short state; /* state machine */
u_long magic; /* local magic number */
u_char echoid; /* id of last keepalive echo request */
u_char confid; /* id of last configuration request */
};
struct sipcp {
u_short state; /* state machine */
u_char confid; /* id of last configuration request */
};
struct sppp {
struct ifnet pp_if; /* network interface data */
struct ifqueue pp_fastq; /* fast output queue */
struct sppp *pp_next; /* next interface in keepalive list */
u_int pp_flags; /* use Cisco protocol instead of PPP */
u_short pp_alivecnt; /* keepalive packets counter */
u_short pp_loopcnt; /* loopback detection counter */
u_long pp_seq; /* local sequence number */
u_long pp_rseq; /* remote sequence number */
struct slcp lcp; /* LCP params */
struct sipcp ipcp; /* IPCP params */
};
#define PP_KEEPALIVE 0x01 /* use keepalive protocol */
#define PP_CISCO 0x02 /* use Cisco protocol instead of PPP */
#define PP_TIMO 0x04 /* cp_timeout routine active */
#define PP_MTU 1500 /* max. transmit unit */
#define LCP_STATE_CLOSED 0 /* LCP state: closed (conf-req sent) */
#define LCP_STATE_ACK_RCVD 1 /* LCP state: conf-ack received */
#define LCP_STATE_ACK_SENT 2 /* LCP state: conf-ack sent */
#define LCP_STATE_OPENED 3 /* LCP state: opened */
#define IPCP_STATE_CLOSED 0 /* IPCP state: closed (conf-req sent) */
#define IPCP_STATE_ACK_RCVD 1 /* IPCP state: conf-ack received */
#define IPCP_STATE_ACK_SENT 2 /* IPCP state: conf-ack sent */
#define IPCP_STATE_OPENED 3 /* IPCP state: opened */
#ifdef _KERNEL
void sppp_attach (struct ifnet *ifp);
void sppp_detach (struct ifnet *ifp);
void sppp_input (struct ifnet *ifp, struct mbuf *m);
int sppp_ioctl (struct ifnet *ifp, int cmd, void *data);
struct mbuf *sppp_dequeue (struct ifnet *ifp);
int sppp_isempty (struct ifnet *ifp);
void sppp_flush (struct ifnet *ifp);
#endif
#endif /* _NET_IF_HDLC_H_ */
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/*
* Synchronous PPP/Cisco link level subroutines.
* Keepalive protocol implemented in both Cisco and PPP modes.
*
* Copyright (C) 1994 Cronyx Ltd.
* Author: Serge Vakulenko, <vak@zebub.msk.su>
*
* This software is distributed with NO WARRANTIES, not even the implied
* warranties for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*
* Authors grant any other persons or organisations permission to use
* or modify this software as long as this message is kept with the software,
* all derivative works or modified versions.
*
* Version 1.9, Wed Oct 4 18:58:15 MSK 1995
*
* $FreeBSD$
*/
#undef DEBUG
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/mbuf.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <net/netisr.h>
#include <net/if_types.h>
#ifdef INET
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/in_var.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
/*#include <netinet/if_ether.h>*/
#include <net/ethertypes.h>
#endif
#ifdef IPX
#include <netipx/ipx.h>
#include <netipx/ipx_if.h>
#endif
#ifdef NS
#include <netns/ns.h>
#include <netns/ns_if.h>
#endif
#ifdef ISO
#include <netiso/argo_debug.h>
#include <netiso/iso.h>
#include <netiso/iso_var.h>
#include <netiso/iso_snpac.h>
#endif
#include <net/if_sppp.h>
#ifdef DEBUG
#define print(s) printf s
#else
#define print(s) {/*void*/}
#endif
#define MAXALIVECNT 3 /* max. alive packets */
#define PPP_ALLSTATIONS 0xff /* All-Stations broadcast address */
#define PPP_UI 0x03 /* Unnumbered Information */
#define PPP_IP 0x0021 /* Internet Protocol */
#define PPP_ISO 0x0023 /* ISO OSI Protocol */
#define PPP_XNS 0x0025 /* Xerox NS Protocol */
#define PPP_IPX 0x002b /* Novell IPX Protocol */
#define PPP_LCP 0xc021 /* Link Control Protocol */
#define PPP_IPCP 0x8021 /* Internet Protocol Control Protocol */
#define LCP_CONF_REQ 1 /* PPP LCP configure request */
#define LCP_CONF_ACK 2 /* PPP LCP configure acknowledge */
#define LCP_CONF_NAK 3 /* PPP LCP configure negative ack */
#define LCP_CONF_REJ 4 /* PPP LCP configure reject */
#define LCP_TERM_REQ 5 /* PPP LCP terminate request */
#define LCP_TERM_ACK 6 /* PPP LCP terminate acknowledge */
#define LCP_CODE_REJ 7 /* PPP LCP code reject */
#define LCP_PROTO_REJ 8 /* PPP LCP protocol reject */
#define LCP_ECHO_REQ 9 /* PPP LCP echo request */
#define LCP_ECHO_REPLY 10 /* PPP LCP echo reply */
#define LCP_DISC_REQ 11 /* PPP LCP discard request */
#define LCP_OPT_MRU 1 /* maximum receive unit */
#define LCP_OPT_ASYNC_MAP 2 /* async control character map */
#define LCP_OPT_AUTH_PROTO 3 /* authentication protocol */
#define LCP_OPT_QUAL_PROTO 4 /* quality protocol */
#define LCP_OPT_MAGIC 5 /* magic number */
#define LCP_OPT_RESERVED 6 /* reserved */
#define LCP_OPT_PROTO_COMP 7 /* protocol field compression */
#define LCP_OPT_ADDR_COMP 8 /* address/control field compression */
#define IPCP_CONF_REQ LCP_CONF_REQ /* PPP IPCP configure request */
#define IPCP_CONF_ACK LCP_CONF_ACK /* PPP IPCP configure acknowledge */
#define IPCP_CONF_NAK LCP_CONF_NAK /* PPP IPCP configure negative ack */
#define IPCP_CONF_REJ LCP_CONF_REJ /* PPP IPCP configure reject */
#define IPCP_TERM_REQ LCP_TERM_REQ /* PPP IPCP terminate request */
#define IPCP_TERM_ACK LCP_TERM_ACK /* PPP IPCP terminate acknowledge */
#define IPCP_CODE_REJ LCP_CODE_REJ /* PPP IPCP code reject */
#define CISCO_MULTICAST 0x8f /* Cisco multicast address */
#define CISCO_UNICAST 0x0f /* Cisco unicast address */
#define CISCO_KEEPALIVE 0x8035 /* Cisco keepalive protocol */
#define CISCO_ADDR_REQ 0 /* Cisco address request */
#define CISCO_ADDR_REPLY 1 /* Cisco address reply */
#define CISCO_KEEPALIVE_REQ 2 /* Cisco keepalive request */
struct ppp_header {
u_char address;
u_char control;
u_short protocol;
};
#define PPP_HEADER_LEN sizeof (struct ppp_header)
struct lcp_header {
u_char type;
u_char ident;
u_short len;
};
#define LCP_HEADER_LEN sizeof (struct lcp_header)
struct cisco_packet {
u_long type;
u_long par1;
u_long par2;
u_short rel;
u_short time0;
u_short time1;
};
#define CISCO_PACKET_LEN 18
static struct sppp *spppq;
/*
* The following disgusting hack gets around the problem that IP TOS
* can't be set yet. We want to put "interactive" traffic on a high
* priority queue. To decide if traffic is interactive, we check that
* a) it is TCP and b) one of its ports is telnet, rlogin or ftp control.
*/
static u_short interactive_ports[8] = {
0, 513, 0, 0,
0, 21, 0, 23,
};
#define INTERACTIVE(p) (interactive_ports[(p) & 7] == (p))
/*
* Timeout routine activation macros.
*/
#define TIMO(p,s) if (! ((p)->pp_flags & PP_TIMO)) { \
timeout (sppp_cp_timeout, (void*) (p), (s)*hz); \
(p)->pp_flags |= PP_TIMO; }
#define UNTIMO(p) if ((p)->pp_flags & PP_TIMO) { \
untimeout (sppp_cp_timeout, (void*) (p)); \
(p)->pp_flags &= ~PP_TIMO; }
static void sppp_keepalive (void *dummy);
static void sppp_cp_send (struct sppp *sp, u_short proto, u_char type,
u_char ident, u_short len, void *data);
static void sppp_cisco_send (struct sppp *sp, int type, long par1, long par2);
static void sppp_lcp_input (struct sppp *sp, struct mbuf *m);
static void sppp_cisco_input (struct sppp *sp, struct mbuf *m);
static void sppp_ipcp_input (struct sppp *sp, struct mbuf *m);
static void sppp_lcp_open (struct sppp *sp);
static void sppp_ipcp_open (struct sppp *sp);
static int sppp_lcp_conf_parse_options (struct sppp *sp, struct lcp_header *h,
int len, u_long *magic);
static void sppp_cp_timeout (void *arg);
static char *sppp_lcp_type_name (u_char type);
static char *sppp_ipcp_type_name (u_char type);
static void sppp_print_bytes (u_char *p, u_short len);
static int sppp_output (struct ifnet *ifp, struct mbuf *m,
struct sockaddr *dst, struct rtentry *rt);
/*
* Flush interface queue.
*/
static void qflush (struct ifqueue *ifq)
{
struct mbuf *m, *n;
n = ifq->ifq_head;
while ((m = n)) {
n = m->m_act;
m_freem (m);
}
ifq->ifq_head = 0;
ifq->ifq_tail = 0;
ifq->ifq_len = 0;
}
/*
* Process the received packet.
*/
void sppp_input (struct ifnet *ifp, struct mbuf *m)
{
struct ppp_header *h;
struct sppp *sp = (struct sppp*) ifp;
struct ifqueue *inq = 0;
int s;
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_UP)
/* Count received bytes, add FCS and one flag */
ifp->if_ibytes += m->m_pkthdr.len + 3;
if (m->m_pkthdr.len <= PPP_HEADER_LEN) {
/* Too small packet, drop it. */
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: input packet is too small, %d bytes\n",
ifp->if_xname, m->m_pkthdr.len);
drop: ++ifp->if_iqdrops;
m_freem (m);
return;
}
/* Get PPP header. */
h = mtod (m, struct ppp_header*);
m_adj (m, PPP_HEADER_LEN);
switch (h->address) {
default: /* Invalid PPP packet. */
invalid: if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: invalid input packet <0x%x 0x%x 0x%x>\n",
ifp->if_xname,
h->address, h->control, ntohs (h->protocol));
goto drop;
case PPP_ALLSTATIONS:
if (h->control != PPP_UI)
goto invalid;
if (sp->pp_flags & PP_CISCO) {
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: PPP packet in Cisco mode <0x%x 0x%x 0x%x>\n",
ifp->if_xname,
h->address, h->control, ntohs (h->protocol));
goto drop;
}
switch (ntohs (h->protocol)) {
default:
if (sp->lcp.state == LCP_STATE_OPENED)
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_LCP, LCP_PROTO_REJ,
++sp->pp_seq, m->m_pkthdr.len + 2,
&h->protocol);
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: invalid input protocol <0x%x 0x%x 0x%x>\n",
ifp->if_xname,
h->address, h->control, ntohs (h->protocol));
++ifp->if_noproto;
goto drop;
case PPP_LCP:
sppp_lcp_input ((struct sppp*) ifp, m);
m_freem (m);
return;
#ifdef INET
case PPP_IPCP:
if (sp->lcp.state == LCP_STATE_OPENED)
sppp_ipcp_input ((struct sppp*) ifp, m);
m_freem (m);
return;
case PPP_IP:
if (sp->ipcp.state == IPCP_STATE_OPENED) {
schednetisr (NETISR_IP);
inq = &ipintrq;
}
break;
#endif
#ifdef IPX
case PPP_IPX:
/* IPX IPXCP not implemented yet */
if (sp->lcp.state == LCP_STATE_OPENED) {
schednetisr (NETISR_IPX);
inq = &ipxintrq;
}
break;
#endif
#ifdef NS
case PPP_XNS:
/* XNS IDPCP not implemented yet */
if (sp->lcp.state == LCP_STATE_OPENED) {
schednetisr (NETISR_NS);
inq = &nsintrq;
}
break;
#endif
#ifdef ISO
case PPP_ISO:
/* OSI NLCP not implemented yet */
if (sp->lcp.state == LCP_STATE_OPENED) {
schednetisr (NETISR_ISO);
inq = &clnlintrq;
}
break;
#endif
}
break;
case CISCO_MULTICAST:
case CISCO_UNICAST:
/* Don't check the control field here (RFC 1547). */
if (! (sp->pp_flags & PP_CISCO)) {
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: Cisco packet in PPP mode <0x%x 0x%x 0x%x>\n",
ifp->if_xname,
h->address, h->control, ntohs (h->protocol));
goto drop;
}
switch (ntohs (h->protocol)) {
default:
++ifp->if_noproto;
goto invalid;
case CISCO_KEEPALIVE:
sppp_cisco_input ((struct sppp*) ifp, m);
m_freem (m);
return;
#ifdef INET
case ETHERTYPE_IP:
schednetisr (NETISR_IP);
inq = &ipintrq;
break;
#endif
#ifdef IPX
case ETHERTYPE_IPX:
schednetisr (NETISR_IPX);
inq = &ipxintrq;
break;
#endif
#ifdef NS
case ETHERTYPE_NS:
schednetisr (NETISR_NS);
inq = &nsintrq;
break;
#endif
}
break;
}
if (! (ifp->if_flags & IFF_UP) || ! inq)
goto drop;
/* Check queue. */
s = splimp ();
if (IF_QFULL (inq)) {
/* Queue overflow. */
IF_DROP (inq);
splx (s);
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: protocol queue overflow\n",
ifp->if_xname);
goto drop;
}
IF_ENQUEUE (inq, m);
splx (s);
}
/*
* Enqueue transmit packet.
*/
static int
sppp_output (struct ifnet *ifp, struct mbuf *m, struct sockaddr *dst, struct rtentry *rt)
{
struct sppp *sp = (struct sppp*) ifp;
struct ppp_header *h;
struct ifqueue *ifq;
int s = splimp ();
if (! (ifp->if_flags & IFF_UP) || ! (ifp->if_flags & IFF_RUNNING)) {
m_freem (m);
splx (s);
return (ENETDOWN);
}
ifq = &ifp->if_snd;
#ifdef INET
/*
* Put low delay, telnet, rlogin and ftp control packets
* in front of the queue.
*/
if (dst->sa_family == AF_INET) {
struct ip *ip = mtod (m, struct ip*);
struct tcphdr *tcp = (struct tcphdr*) ((long*)ip + ip->ip_hl);
if (! IF_QFULL (&sp->pp_fastq) &&
((ip->ip_tos & IPTOS_LOWDELAY) ||
ip->ip_p == IPPROTO_TCP &&
m->m_len >= sizeof (struct ip) + sizeof (struct tcphdr) &&
(INTERACTIVE (ntohs (tcp->th_sport)) ||
INTERACTIVE (ntohs (tcp->th_dport)))))
ifq = &sp->pp_fastq;
}
#endif
/*
* Prepend general data packet PPP header. For now, IP only.
*/
M_PREPEND (m, PPP_HEADER_LEN, M_DONTWAIT);
if (! m) {
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: no memory for transmit header\n",
ifp->if_xname);
splx (s);
return (ENOBUFS);
}
h = mtod (m, struct ppp_header*);
if (sp->pp_flags & PP_CISCO) {
h->address = CISCO_MULTICAST; /* broadcast address */
h->control = 0;
} else {
h->address = PPP_ALLSTATIONS; /* broadcast address */
h->control = PPP_UI; /* Unnumbered Info */
}
switch (dst->sa_family) {
#ifdef INET
case AF_INET: /* Internet Protocol */
if (sp->pp_flags & PP_CISCO)
h->protocol = htons (ETHERTYPE_IP);
else if (sp->ipcp.state == IPCP_STATE_OPENED)
h->protocol = htons (PPP_IP);
else {
m_freem (m);
splx (s);
return (ENETDOWN);
}
break;
#endif
#ifdef NS
case AF_NS: /* Xerox NS Protocol */
h->protocol = htons ((sp->pp_flags & PP_CISCO) ?
ETHERTYPE_NS : PPP_XNS);
break;
#endif
#ifdef IPX
case AF_IPX: /* Novell IPX Protocol */
h->protocol = htons ((sp->pp_flags & PP_CISCO) ?
ETHERTYPE_IPX : PPP_IPX);
break;
#endif
#ifdef ISO
case AF_ISO: /* ISO OSI Protocol */
if (sp->pp_flags & PP_CISCO)
goto nosupport;
h->protocol = htons (PPP_ISO);
break;
nosupport:
#endif
default:
m_freem (m);
splx (s);
return (EAFNOSUPPORT);
}
/*
* Queue message on interface, and start output if interface
* not yet active.
*/
if (IF_QFULL (ifq)) {
IF_DROP (&ifp->if_snd);
m_freem (m);
splx (s);
return (ENOBUFS);
}
IF_ENQUEUE (ifq, m);
if (! (ifp->if_flags & IFF_OACTIVE))
(*ifp->if_start) (ifp);
/*
* Count output packets and bytes.
* The packet length includes header, FCS and 1 flag,
* according to RFC 1333.
*/
ifp->if_obytes += m->m_pkthdr.len + 3;
splx (s);
return (0);
}
void sppp_attach (struct ifnet *ifp)
{
struct sppp *sp = (struct sppp*) ifp;
/* Initialize keepalive handler. */
if (! spppq)
timeout (sppp_keepalive, 0, hz * 10);
/* Insert new entry into the keepalive list. */
sp->pp_next = spppq;
spppq = sp;
sp->pp_if.if_type = IFT_PPP;
sp->pp_if.if_output = sppp_output;
sp->pp_fastq.ifq_maxlen = 32;
sp->pp_loopcnt = 0;
sp->pp_alivecnt = 0;
sp->pp_seq = 0;
sp->pp_rseq = 0;
sp->lcp.magic = 0;
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_CLOSED;
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_CLOSED;
}
void
sppp_detach (struct ifnet *ifp)
{
struct sppp **q, *p, *sp = (struct sppp*) ifp;
/* Remove the entry from the keepalive list. */
for (q = &spppq; (p = *q); q = &p->pp_next)
if (p == sp) {
*q = p->pp_next;
break;
}
/* Stop keepalive handler. */
if (! spppq)
untimeout (sppp_keepalive, 0);
UNTIMO (sp);
}
/*
* Flush the interface output queue.
*/
void sppp_flush (struct ifnet *ifp)
{
struct sppp *sp = (struct sppp*) ifp;
qflush (&sp->pp_if.if_snd);
qflush (&sp->pp_fastq);
}
/*
* Check if the output queue is empty.
*/
int
sppp_isempty (struct ifnet *ifp)
{
struct sppp *sp = (struct sppp*) ifp;
int empty, s = splimp ();
empty = !sp->pp_fastq.ifq_head && !sp->pp_if.if_snd.ifq_head;
splx (s);
return (empty);
}
/*
* Get next packet to send.
*/
struct mbuf *sppp_dequeue (struct ifnet *ifp)
{
struct sppp *sp = (struct sppp*) ifp;
struct mbuf *m;
int s = splimp ();
IF_DEQUEUE (&sp->pp_fastq, m);
if (! m)
IF_DEQUEUE (&sp->pp_if.if_snd, m);
splx (s);
return (m);
}
/*
* Send keepalive packets, every 10 seconds.
*/
void sppp_keepalive (void *dummy)
{
struct sppp *sp;
int s = splimp ();
for (sp=spppq; sp; sp=sp->pp_next) {
struct ifnet *ifp = &sp->pp_if;
/* Keepalive mode disabled or channel down? */
if (! (sp->pp_flags & PP_KEEPALIVE) ||
! (ifp->if_flags & IFF_RUNNING))
continue;
/* No keepalive in PPP mode if LCP not opened yet. */
if (! (sp->pp_flags & PP_CISCO) &&
sp->lcp.state != LCP_STATE_OPENED)
continue;
if (sp->pp_alivecnt == MAXALIVECNT) {
/* No keepalive packets got. Stop the interface. */
printf ("%16s: down\n", ifp->if_xname);
if_down (ifp);
qflush (&sp->pp_fastq);
if (! (sp->pp_flags & PP_CISCO)) {
/* Shut down the PPP link. */
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_CLOSED;
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_CLOSED;
UNTIMO (sp);
/* Initiate negotiation. */
sppp_lcp_open (sp);
}
}
if (sp->pp_alivecnt <= MAXALIVECNT)
++sp->pp_alivecnt;
if (sp->pp_flags & PP_CISCO)
sppp_cisco_send (sp, CISCO_KEEPALIVE_REQ, ++sp->pp_seq,
sp->pp_rseq);
else if (sp->lcp.state == LCP_STATE_OPENED) {
long nmagic = htonl (sp->lcp.magic);
sp->lcp.echoid = ++sp->pp_seq;
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_LCP, LCP_ECHO_REQ,
sp->lcp.echoid, 4, &nmagic);
}
}
splx (s);
timeout (sppp_keepalive, 0, hz * 10);
}
/*
* Handle incoming PPP Link Control Protocol packets.
*/
void sppp_lcp_input (struct sppp *sp, struct mbuf *m)
{
struct lcp_header *h;
struct ifnet *ifp = &sp->pp_if;
int len = m->m_pkthdr.len;
u_char *p, opt[6];
u_long rmagic;
if (len < 4) {
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: invalid lcp packet length: %d bytes\n",
ifp->if_xname, len);
return;
}
h = mtod (m, struct lcp_header*);
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG) {
char state = '?';
switch (sp->lcp.state) {
case LCP_STATE_CLOSED: state = 'C'; break;
case LCP_STATE_ACK_RCVD: state = 'R'; break;
case LCP_STATE_ACK_SENT: state = 'S'; break;
case LCP_STATE_OPENED: state = 'O'; break;
}
printf ("%16s: lcp input(%c): %d bytes <%s id=%xh len=%xh",
ifp->if_xname, state, len,
sppp_lcp_type_name (h->type), h->ident, ntohs (h->len));
if (len > 4)
sppp_print_bytes ((u_char*) (h+1), len-4);
printf (">\n");
}
if (len > ntohs (h->len))
len = ntohs (h->len);
switch (h->type) {
default:
/* Unknown packet type -- send Code-Reject packet. */
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_LCP, LCP_CODE_REJ, ++sp->pp_seq,
m->m_pkthdr.len, h);
break;
case LCP_CONF_REQ:
if (len < 4) {
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: invalid lcp configure request packet length: %d bytes\n",
ifp->if_xname, len);
break;
}
if (len>4 && !sppp_lcp_conf_parse_options (sp, h, len, &rmagic))
goto badreq;
if (rmagic == sp->lcp.magic) {
/* Local and remote magics equal -- loopback? */
if (sp->pp_loopcnt >= MAXALIVECNT*5) {
printf ("%16s: loopback\n",
ifp->if_xname);
sp->pp_loopcnt = 0;
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_UP) {
if_down (ifp);
qflush (&sp->pp_fastq);
}
} else if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: conf req: magic glitch\n",
ifp->if_xname);
++sp->pp_loopcnt;
/* MUST send Conf-Nack packet. */
rmagic = ~sp->lcp.magic;
opt[0] = LCP_OPT_MAGIC;
opt[1] = sizeof (opt);
opt[2] = rmagic >> 24;
opt[3] = rmagic >> 16;
opt[4] = rmagic >> 8;
opt[5] = rmagic;
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_LCP, LCP_CONF_NAK,
h->ident, sizeof (opt), &opt);
badreq:
switch (sp->lcp.state) {
case LCP_STATE_OPENED:
/* Initiate renegotiation. */
sppp_lcp_open (sp);
/* fall through... */
case LCP_STATE_ACK_SENT:
/* Go to closed state. */
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_CLOSED;
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_CLOSED;
}
break;
}
/* Send Configure-Ack packet. */
sp->pp_loopcnt = 0;
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_LCP, LCP_CONF_ACK,
h->ident, len-4, h+1);
/* Change the state. */
switch (sp->lcp.state) {
case LCP_STATE_CLOSED:
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_ACK_SENT;
break;
case LCP_STATE_ACK_RCVD:
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_OPENED;
sppp_ipcp_open (sp);
break;
case LCP_STATE_OPENED:
/* Remote magic changed -- close session. */
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_CLOSED;
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_CLOSED;
/* Initiate renegotiation. */
sppp_lcp_open (sp);
/* An ACK has already been sent. */
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_ACK_SENT;
break;
}
break;
case LCP_CONF_ACK:
if (h->ident != sp->lcp.confid)
break;
UNTIMO (sp);
if (! (ifp->if_flags & IFF_UP) &&
(ifp->if_flags & IFF_RUNNING)) {
/* Coming out of loopback mode. */
ifp->if_flags |= IFF_UP;
printf ("%16s: up\n", ifp->if_xname);
}
switch (sp->lcp.state) {
case LCP_STATE_CLOSED:
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_ACK_RCVD;
TIMO (sp, 5);
break;
case LCP_STATE_ACK_SENT:
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_OPENED;
sppp_ipcp_open (sp);
break;
}
break;
case LCP_CONF_NAK:
if (h->ident != sp->lcp.confid)
break;
p = (u_char*) (h+1);
if (len>=10 && p[0] == LCP_OPT_MAGIC && p[1] >= 4) {
rmagic = (u_long)p[2] << 24 |
(u_long)p[3] << 16 | p[4] << 8 | p[5];
if (rmagic == ~sp->lcp.magic) {
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: conf nak: magic glitch\n",
ifp->if_xname);
sp->lcp.magic += time.tv_sec + time.tv_usec;
} else
sp->lcp.magic = rmagic;
}
if (sp->lcp.state != LCP_STATE_ACK_SENT) {
/* Go to closed state. */
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_CLOSED;
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_CLOSED;
}
/* The link will be renegotiated after timeout,
* to avoid endless req-nack loop. */
UNTIMO (sp);
TIMO (sp, 2);
break;
case LCP_CONF_REJ:
if (h->ident != sp->lcp.confid)
break;
UNTIMO (sp);
/* Initiate renegotiation. */
sppp_lcp_open (sp);
if (sp->lcp.state != LCP_STATE_ACK_SENT) {
/* Go to closed state. */
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_CLOSED;
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_CLOSED;
}
break;
case LCP_TERM_REQ:
UNTIMO (sp);
/* Send Terminate-Ack packet. */
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_LCP, LCP_TERM_ACK, h->ident, 0, 0);
/* Go to closed state. */
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_CLOSED;
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_CLOSED;
/* Initiate renegotiation. */
sppp_lcp_open (sp);
break;
case LCP_TERM_ACK:
case LCP_CODE_REJ:
case LCP_PROTO_REJ:
/* Ignore for now. */
break;
case LCP_DISC_REQ:
/* Discard the packet. */
break;
case LCP_ECHO_REQ:
if (sp->lcp.state != LCP_STATE_OPENED)
break;
if (len < 8) {
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: invalid lcp echo request packet length: %d bytes\n",
ifp->if_xname, len);
break;
}
if (ntohl (*(long*)(h+1)) == sp->lcp.magic) {
/* Line loopback mode detected. */
printf ("%16s: loopback\n", ifp->if_xname);
if_down (ifp);
qflush (&sp->pp_fastq);
/* Shut down the PPP link. */
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_CLOSED;
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_CLOSED;
UNTIMO (sp);
/* Initiate negotiation. */
sppp_lcp_open (sp);
break;
}
*(long*)(h+1) = htonl (sp->lcp.magic);
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_LCP, LCP_ECHO_REPLY, h->ident, len-4, h+1);
break;
case LCP_ECHO_REPLY:
if (h->ident != sp->lcp.echoid)
break;
if (len < 8) {
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: invalid lcp echo reply packet length: %d bytes\n",
ifp->if_xname, len);
break;
}
if (ntohl (*(long*)(h+1)) != sp->lcp.magic)
sp->pp_alivecnt = 0;
break;
}
}
/*
* Handle incoming Cisco keepalive protocol packets.
*/
static void
sppp_cisco_input (struct sppp *sp, struct mbuf *m)
{
struct cisco_packet *h;
struct ifaddr *ifa;
struct ifnet *ifp = &sp->pp_if;
if (m->m_pkthdr.len != CISCO_PACKET_LEN) {
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: invalid cisco packet length: %d bytes\n",
ifp->if_xname, m->m_pkthdr.len);
return;
}
h = mtod (m, struct cisco_packet*);
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: cisco input: %d bytes <%lxh %lxh %lxh %xh %xh-%xh>\n",
ifp->if_xname, m->m_pkthdr.len,
ntohl (h->type), h->par1, h->par2, h->rel,
h->time0, h->time1);
switch (ntohl (h->type)) {
default:
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: unknown cisco packet type: 0x%lx\n",
ifp->if_xname, ntohl (h->type));
break;
case CISCO_ADDR_REPLY:
/* Reply on address request, ignore */
break;
case CISCO_KEEPALIVE_REQ:
sp->pp_alivecnt = 0;
sp->pp_rseq = ntohl (h->par1);
if (sp->pp_seq == sp->pp_rseq) {
/* Local and remote sequence numbers are equal.
* Probably, the line is in loopback mode. */
if (sp->pp_loopcnt >= MAXALIVECNT) {
printf ("%16s: loopback\n",
ifp->if_xname);
sp->pp_loopcnt = 0;
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_UP) {
if_down (ifp);
qflush (&sp->pp_fastq);
}
}
++sp->pp_loopcnt;
/* Generate new local sequence number */
sp->pp_seq ^= time.tv_sec ^ time.tv_usec;
break;
}
sp->pp_loopcnt = 0;
if (! (ifp->if_flags & IFF_UP) &&
(ifp->if_flags & IFF_RUNNING)) {
ifp->if_flags |= IFF_UP;
printf ("%16s: up\n", ifp->if_xname);
}
break;
case CISCO_ADDR_REQ:
for (ifa=ifp->if_addrlist.tqh_first; ifa;
ifa=ifa->ifa_list.tqe_next)
if (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_INET)
break;
if (! ifa) {
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: unknown address for cisco request\n",
ifp->if_xname);
return;
}
sppp_cisco_send (sp, CISCO_ADDR_REPLY,
ntohl (((struct sockaddr_in*)ifa->ifa_addr)->sin_addr.s_addr),
ntohl (((struct sockaddr_in*)ifa->ifa_netmask)->sin_addr.s_addr));
break;
}
}
/*
* Send PPP LCP packet.
*/
static void
sppp_cp_send (struct sppp *sp, u_short proto, u_char type,
u_char ident, u_short len, void *data)
{
struct ppp_header *h;
struct lcp_header *lh;
struct mbuf *m;
struct ifnet *ifp = &sp->pp_if;
if (len > MHLEN - PPP_HEADER_LEN - LCP_HEADER_LEN)
len = MHLEN - PPP_HEADER_LEN - LCP_HEADER_LEN;
MGETHDR (m, M_DONTWAIT, MT_DATA);
if (! m)
return;
m->m_pkthdr.len = m->m_len = PPP_HEADER_LEN + LCP_HEADER_LEN + len;
m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = 0;
h = mtod (m, struct ppp_header*);
h->address = PPP_ALLSTATIONS; /* broadcast address */
h->control = PPP_UI; /* Unnumbered Info */
h->protocol = htons (proto); /* Link Control Protocol */
lh = (struct lcp_header*) (h + 1);
lh->type = type;
lh->ident = ident;
lh->len = htons (LCP_HEADER_LEN + len);
if (len)
bcopy (data, lh+1, len);
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG) {
printf ("%16s: %s output <%s id=%xh len=%xh",
ifp->if_xname,
proto==PPP_LCP ? "lcp" : "ipcp",
proto==PPP_LCP ? sppp_lcp_type_name (lh->type) :
sppp_ipcp_type_name (lh->type), lh->ident,
ntohs (lh->len));
if (len)
sppp_print_bytes ((u_char*) (lh+1), len);
printf (">\n");
}
if (IF_QFULL (&sp->pp_fastq)) {
IF_DROP (&ifp->if_snd);
m_freem (m);
} else
IF_ENQUEUE (&sp->pp_fastq, m);
if (! (ifp->if_flags & IFF_OACTIVE))
(*ifp->if_start) (ifp);
ifp->if_obytes += m->m_pkthdr.len + 3;
}
/*
* Send Cisco keepalive packet.
*/
static void
sppp_cisco_send (struct sppp *sp, int type, long par1, long par2)
{
struct ppp_header *h;
struct cisco_packet *ch;
struct mbuf *m;
struct ifnet *ifp = &sp->pp_if;
u_long t = (time.tv_sec - boottime.tv_sec) * 1000;
MGETHDR (m, M_DONTWAIT, MT_DATA);
if (! m)
return;
m->m_pkthdr.len = m->m_len = PPP_HEADER_LEN + CISCO_PACKET_LEN;
m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = 0;
h = mtod (m, struct ppp_header*);
h->address = CISCO_MULTICAST;
h->control = 0;
h->protocol = htons (CISCO_KEEPALIVE);
ch = (struct cisco_packet*) (h + 1);
ch->type = htonl (type);
ch->par1 = htonl (par1);
ch->par2 = htonl (par2);
ch->rel = -1;
ch->time0 = htons ((u_short) (t >> 16));
ch->time1 = htons ((u_short) t);
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: cisco output: <%lxh %lxh %lxh %xh %xh-%xh>\n",
ifp->if_xname, ntohl (ch->type), ch->par1,
ch->par2, ch->rel, ch->time0, ch->time1);
if (IF_QFULL (&sp->pp_fastq)) {
IF_DROP (&ifp->if_snd);
m_freem (m);
} else
IF_ENQUEUE (&sp->pp_fastq, m);
if (! (ifp->if_flags & IFF_OACTIVE))
(*ifp->if_start) (ifp);
ifp->if_obytes += m->m_pkthdr.len + 3;
}
/*
* Process an ioctl request. Called on low priority level.
*/
int
sppp_ioctl (struct ifnet *ifp, int cmd, void *data)
{
struct ifreq *ifr = (struct ifreq*) data;
struct sppp *sp = (struct sppp*) ifp;
int s, going_up, going_down;
switch (cmd) {
default:
return (EINVAL);
case SIOCAIFADDR:
case SIOCSIFDSTADDR:
break;
case SIOCSIFADDR:
ifp->if_flags |= IFF_UP;
/* fall through... */
case SIOCSIFFLAGS:
s = splimp ();
going_up = (ifp->if_flags & IFF_UP) &&
! (ifp->if_flags & IFF_RUNNING);
going_down = ! (ifp->if_flags & IFF_UP) &&
(ifp->if_flags & IFF_RUNNING);
if (going_up || going_down) {
/* Shut down the PPP link. */
ifp->if_flags &= ~IFF_RUNNING;
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_CLOSED;
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_CLOSED;
UNTIMO (sp);
}
if (going_up) {
/* Interface is starting -- initiate negotiation. */
ifp->if_flags |= IFF_RUNNING;
if (!(sp->pp_flags & PP_CISCO))
sppp_lcp_open (sp);
}
splx (s);
break;
#ifdef SIOCSIFMTU
#ifndef ifr_mtu
#define ifr_mtu ifr_metric
#endif
case SIOCSIFMTU:
if (ifr->ifr_mtu < 128 || ifr->ifr_mtu > PP_MTU)
return (EINVAL);
ifp->if_mtu = ifr->ifr_mtu;
break;
#endif
#ifdef SLIOCSETMTU
case SLIOCSETMTU:
if (*(short*)data < 128 || *(short*)data > PP_MTU)
return (EINVAL);
ifp->if_mtu = *(short*)data;
break;
#endif
#ifdef SIOCGIFMTU
case SIOCGIFMTU:
ifr->ifr_mtu = ifp->if_mtu;
break;
#endif
#ifdef SLIOCGETMTU
case SLIOCGETMTU:
*(short*)data = ifp->if_mtu;
break;
#endif
case SIOCADDMULTI:
case SIOCDELMULTI:
break;
}
return (0);
}
/*
* Analyze the LCP Configure-Request options list
* for the presence of unknown options.
* If the request contains unknown options, build and
* send Configure-reject packet, containing only unknown options.
*/
static int
sppp_lcp_conf_parse_options (struct sppp *sp, struct lcp_header *h,
int len, u_long *magic)
{
u_char *buf, *r, *p;
int rlen;
len -= 4;
buf = r = malloc (len, M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT);
if (! buf)
return (0);
p = (void*) (h+1);
for (rlen=0; len>1 && p[1]; len-=p[1], p+=p[1]) {
switch (*p) {
case LCP_OPT_MAGIC:
/* Magic number -- extract. */
if (len >= 6 && p[1] == 6) {
*magic = (u_long)p[2] << 24 |
(u_long)p[3] << 16 | p[4] << 8 | p[5];
continue;
}
break;
case LCP_OPT_ASYNC_MAP:
/* Async control character map -- check to be zero. */
if (len >= 6 && p[1] == 6 && ! p[2] && ! p[3] &&
! p[4] && ! p[5])
continue;
break;
case LCP_OPT_MRU:
/* Maximum receive unit -- always OK. */
continue;
default:
/* Others not supported. */
break;
}
/* Add the option to rejected list. */
bcopy (p, r, p[1]);
r += p[1];
rlen += p[1];
}
if (rlen)
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_LCP, LCP_CONF_REJ, h->ident, rlen, buf);
free (buf, M_TEMP);
return (rlen == 0);
}
static void
sppp_ipcp_input (struct sppp *sp, struct mbuf *m)
{
struct lcp_header *h;
struct ifnet *ifp = &sp->pp_if;
int len = m->m_pkthdr.len;
if (len < 4) {
/* if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG) */
printf ("%16s: invalid ipcp packet length: %d bytes\n",
ifp->if_xname, len);
return;
}
h = mtod (m, struct lcp_header*);
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG) {
printf ("%16s: ipcp input: %d bytes <%s id=%xh len=%xh",
ifp->if_xname, len,
sppp_ipcp_type_name (h->type), h->ident, ntohs (h->len));
if (len > 4)
sppp_print_bytes ((u_char*) (h+1), len-4);
printf (">\n");
}
if (len > ntohs (h->len))
len = ntohs (h->len);
switch (h->type) {
default:
/* Unknown packet type -- send Code-Reject packet. */
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_IPCP, IPCP_CODE_REJ, ++sp->pp_seq, len, h);
break;
case IPCP_CONF_REQ:
if (len < 4) {
if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
printf ("%16s: invalid ipcp configure request packet length: %d bytes\n",
ifp->if_xname, len);
return;
}
if (len > 4) {
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_IPCP, LCP_CONF_REJ, h->ident,
len-4, h+1);
switch (sp->ipcp.state) {
case IPCP_STATE_OPENED:
/* Initiate renegotiation. */
sppp_ipcp_open (sp);
/* fall through... */
case IPCP_STATE_ACK_SENT:
/* Go to closed state. */
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_CLOSED;
}
} else {
/* Send Configure-Ack packet. */
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_IPCP, IPCP_CONF_ACK, h->ident,
0, 0);
/* Change the state. */
if (sp->ipcp.state == IPCP_STATE_ACK_RCVD)
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_OPENED;
else
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_ACK_SENT;
}
break;
case IPCP_CONF_ACK:
if (h->ident != sp->ipcp.confid)
break;
UNTIMO (sp);
switch (sp->ipcp.state) {
case IPCP_STATE_CLOSED:
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_ACK_RCVD;
TIMO (sp, 5);
break;
case IPCP_STATE_ACK_SENT:
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_OPENED;
break;
}
break;
case IPCP_CONF_NAK:
case IPCP_CONF_REJ:
if (h->ident != sp->ipcp.confid)
break;
UNTIMO (sp);
/* Initiate renegotiation. */
sppp_ipcp_open (sp);
if (sp->ipcp.state != IPCP_STATE_ACK_SENT)
/* Go to closed state. */
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_CLOSED;
break;
case IPCP_TERM_REQ:
/* Send Terminate-Ack packet. */
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_IPCP, IPCP_TERM_ACK, h->ident, 0, 0);
/* Go to closed state. */
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_CLOSED;
/* Initiate renegotiation. */
sppp_ipcp_open (sp);
break;
case IPCP_TERM_ACK:
/* Ignore for now. */
case IPCP_CODE_REJ:
/* Ignore for now. */
break;
}
}
static void
sppp_lcp_open (struct sppp *sp)
{
char opt[6];
if (! sp->lcp.magic)
sp->lcp.magic = time.tv_sec + time.tv_usec;
opt[0] = LCP_OPT_MAGIC;
opt[1] = sizeof (opt);
opt[2] = sp->lcp.magic >> 24;
opt[3] = sp->lcp.magic >> 16;
opt[4] = sp->lcp.magic >> 8;
opt[5] = sp->lcp.magic;
sp->lcp.confid = ++sp->pp_seq;
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_LCP, LCP_CONF_REQ, sp->lcp.confid,
sizeof (opt), &opt);
TIMO (sp, 2);
}
static void
sppp_ipcp_open (struct sppp *sp)
{
sp->ipcp.confid = ++sp->pp_seq;
sppp_cp_send (sp, PPP_IPCP, IPCP_CONF_REQ, sp->ipcp.confid, 0, 0);
TIMO (sp, 2);
}
/*
* Process PPP control protocol timeouts.
*/
static void
sppp_cp_timeout (void *arg)
{
struct sppp *sp = (struct sppp*) arg;
int s = splimp ();
sp->pp_flags &= ~PP_TIMO;
if (! (sp->pp_if.if_flags & IFF_RUNNING) || (sp->pp_flags & PP_CISCO)) {
splx (s);
return;
}
switch (sp->lcp.state) {
case LCP_STATE_CLOSED:
/* No ACK for Configure-Request, retry. */
sppp_lcp_open (sp);
break;
case LCP_STATE_ACK_RCVD:
/* ACK got, but no Configure-Request for peer, retry. */
sppp_lcp_open (sp);
sp->lcp.state = LCP_STATE_CLOSED;
break;
case LCP_STATE_ACK_SENT:
/* ACK sent but no ACK for Configure-Request, retry. */
sppp_lcp_open (sp);
break;
case LCP_STATE_OPENED:
/* LCP is already OK, try IPCP. */
switch (sp->ipcp.state) {
case IPCP_STATE_CLOSED:
/* No ACK for Configure-Request, retry. */
sppp_ipcp_open (sp);
break;
case IPCP_STATE_ACK_RCVD:
/* ACK got, but no Configure-Request for peer, retry. */
sppp_ipcp_open (sp);
sp->ipcp.state = IPCP_STATE_CLOSED;
break;
case IPCP_STATE_ACK_SENT:
/* ACK sent but no ACK for Configure-Request, retry. */
sppp_ipcp_open (sp);
break;
case IPCP_STATE_OPENED:
/* IPCP is OK. */
break;
}
break;
}
splx (s);
}
static char
*sppp_lcp_type_name (u_char type)
{
static char buf [8];
switch (type) {
case LCP_CONF_REQ: return ("conf-req");
case LCP_CONF_ACK: return ("conf-ack");
case LCP_CONF_NAK: return ("conf-nack");
case LCP_CONF_REJ: return ("conf-rej");
case LCP_TERM_REQ: return ("term-req");
case LCP_TERM_ACK: return ("term-ack");
case LCP_CODE_REJ: return ("code-rej");
case LCP_PROTO_REJ: return ("proto-rej");
case LCP_ECHO_REQ: return ("echo-req");
case LCP_ECHO_REPLY: return ("echo-reply");
case LCP_DISC_REQ: return ("discard-req");
}
sprintf (buf, "%xh", type);
return (buf);
}
static char
*sppp_ipcp_type_name (u_char type)
{
static char buf [8];
switch (type) {
case IPCP_CONF_REQ: return ("conf-req");
case IPCP_CONF_ACK: return ("conf-ack");
case IPCP_CONF_NAK: return ("conf-nack");
case IPCP_CONF_REJ: return ("conf-rej");
case IPCP_TERM_REQ: return ("term-req");
case IPCP_TERM_ACK: return ("term-ack");
case IPCP_CODE_REJ: return ("code-rej");
}
sprintf (buf, "%xh", type);
return (buf);
}
static void
sppp_print_bytes (u_char *p, u_short len)
{
printf (" %x", *p++);
while (--len > 0)
printf ("-%x", *p++);
}
--ELM922801439-12505-0_--