Re: NetBSD/sparc running on qemu

To: port-sparc%NetBSD.org@localhost
Subject: Re: NetBSD/sparc running on qemu
From: Izumi Tsutsui <tsutsui%ceres.dti.ne.jp@localhost>
Date: Sat, 16 Jan 2010 11:30:49 +0900
Just FYI, here is a dumb script I'm using to create
disk image for emulators.

You can use it like this:
% env TOOLDIR=/your/tools/path/for/sparc sh mkbootimage.sh sparc

---
Izumi Tsutsui

---
#! /bin/sh
#
# Copyright (c) 2009 Izumi Tsutsui.  All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
#    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
# OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
# NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

TESTIMAGE=yes

#MACHINE=amd64
#MACHINE=i386
#MACHINE=pmax
MACHINE=sparc
#MACHINE=sparc64
#MACHINE=sun2
#MACHINE=sun3
#MACHINE=vax

if [ -z ${MACHINE} ]; then
        if [ \( -z "$1" \) -o \( ! -z "$2" \) ]; then
                echo "usage: $0 MACHINE"
                echo "supported MACHINE:" \
                     "amd64, i386, pmax, sparc, sparc64, sun2, sun3, vax"
                exit 1
        fi
        MACHINE=$1
fi

#
# target dependent info
#
if [ "${MACHINE}" = "amd64" ]; then
 MACHINE_ARCH=x86_64
 MACHINE_GNU_PLATFORM=x86_64--netbsd            # for fdisk(8)
 TARGET_ENDIAN=le
 KERN_SET=kern-GENERIC
 EXTRA_SETS= # nothing
 USE_MBR=yes
 BOOTDISK=wd0
 PRIMARY_BOOT=bootxx_ffsv1
 SECONDARY_BOOT=boot
 SECONDARY_BOOT_ARG= # nothing
fi

if [ "${MACHINE}" = "i386" ]; then
 MACHINE_ARCH=i386
 MACHINE_GNU_PLATFORM=i486--netbsdelf           # for fdisk(8)
 TARGET_ENDIAN=le
 KERN_SET=kern-GENERIC
 EXTRA_SETS= # nothing
 USE_MBR=yes
 BOOTDISK=wd0
 PRIMARY_BOOT=bootxx_ffsv1
 SECONDARY_BOOT=boot
 SECONDARY_BOOT_ARG= # nothing
fi

if [ "${MACHINE}" = "pmax" ]; then
 MACHINE_ARCH=mipsel
 MACHINE_GNU_PLATFORM=mipsel--netbsd            # unused
 TARGET_ENDIAN=le
 KERN_SET=kern-GENERIC
 EXTRA_SETS= # nothing
 USE_MBR=no
 BOOTDISK=sd0
 PRIMARY_BOOT=bootxx_ffs
 SECONDARY_BOOT= # boot.pmax is extracted from base.tgz
 SECONDARY_BOOT_ARG= # nothing
fi

if [ "${MACHINE}" = "sparc" ]; then
 MACHINE_ARCH=sparc
 MACHINE_GNU_PLATFORM=sparc--netbsdelf          # unused
 TARGET_ENDIAN=be
 KERN_SET=kern-GENERIC
 EXTRA_SETS= # nothing
 USE_MBR=no
 BOOTDISK=sd0
 PRIMARY_BOOT=bootxx
 SECONDARY_BOOT=boot
 SECONDARY_BOOT_ARG=/${SECONDARY_BOOT}
 SUNLABEL=${TOOLDIR}/bin/nbsunlabel
fi

if [ "${MACHINE}" = "sparc64" ]; then
 MACHINE_ARCH=sparc64
 MACHINE_GNU_PLATFORM=sparc64--netbsd           # unused
 TARGET_ENDIAN=be
 KERN_SET=kern-GENERIC
 EXTRA_SETS= # nothing
 USE_MBR=no
 BOOTDISK=sd0
 PRIMARY_BOOT=bootblk
# SECONDARY_BOOT=boot
# SECONDARY_BOOT_ARG=/${SECONDARY_BOOT}
 SUNLABEL=${TOOLDIR}/bin/nbsunlabel
fi

if [ "${MACHINE}" = "sun2" ]; then
 MACHINE_ARCH=m68000
 MACHINE_GNU_PLATFORM=m68010--netbsdelf         # unused
 TARGET_ENDIAN=be
 KERN_SET=kern-GENERIC
 EXTRA_SETS= # nothing
 USE_MBR=no
 BOOTDISK=sd0
 PRIMARY_BOOT=bootxx
 SECONDARY_BOOT=ufsboot
 SECONDARY_BOOT_ARG=/${SECONDARY_BOOT}
fi

if [ "${MACHINE}" = "sun3" ]; then
 MACHINE_ARCH=m68k
 MACHINE_GNU_PLATFORM=m68k--netbsdelf           # unused
 TARGET_ENDIAN=be
 KERN_SET=kern-GENERIC
 EXTRA_SETS= # nothing
 USE_MBR=no
 BOOTDISK=sd0
 PRIMARY_BOOT=bootxx
 SECONDARY_BOOT=ufsboot
 SECONDARY_BOOT_ARG=/${SECONDARY_BOOT}
 SUNLABEL=${TOOLDIR}/bin/nbsunlabel
fi

if [ "${MACHINE}" = "vax" ]; then
 MACHINE_ARCH=vax
 MACHINE_GNU_PLATFORM=vax--netbsdelf            # unused
 TARGET_ENDIAN=le
 KERN_SET=kern-GENERIC
 EXTRA_SETS= # nothing
 USE_MBR=no
 BOOTDISK=ra0
 PRIMARY_BOOT=xxboot
 SECONDARY_BOOT= # boot is extracted from base.tgz
 SECONDARY_BOOT_ARG= # nothing
fi

if [ -z ${MACHINE_ARCH} ]; then
        echo "Unsupported MACHINE (${MACHINE})"
        exit 1
fi
#
# tooldir settings
#
#NETBSDSRCDIR=/usr/src
#TOOLDIR=/usr/tools/${MACHINE_ARCH}

if [ -z ${NETBSDSRCDIR} ]; then
        NETBSDSRCDIR=/usr/src
fi

if [ -z ${TOOLDIR} ]; then
        _HOST_OSNAME=`uname -s`
        _HOST_OSREL=`uname -r`
        _HOST_ARCH=`uname -p 2> /dev/null || uname -m`
        TOOLDIRNAME=tooldir.${_HOST_OSNAME}-${_HOST_OSREL}-${_HOST_ARCH}
        TOOLDIR=${NETBSDSRCDIR}/obj.${MACHINE}/${TOOLDIRNAME}
        if [ ! -d ${TOOLDIR} ]; then
                TOOLDIR=${NETBSDSRCDIR}/${TOOLDIRNAME}
        fi
fi

if [ ! -d ${TOOLDIR} ]; then
        echo 'set TOOLDIR first'; exit 1
fi
if [ ! -x ${TOOLDIR}/bin/nbdisklabel-${MACHINE} ]; then
        echo 'build tools first'; exit 1
fi

#
# info about ftp to get binary sets
#
#FTPHOST=ftp.NetBSD.org
#FTPHOST=ftp.jp.NetBSD.org
FTPHOST=nyftp.NetBSD.org
#RELEASE=5.0.1
#RELEASEDIR=pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-${RELEASE}
RELEASEDIR=pub/NetBSD-daily/HEAD/201001140000Z

#
# misc build settings
#
CAT=cat
CP=cp
DD=dd
DISKLABEL=${TOOLDIR}/bin/nbdisklabel-${MACHINE}
FDISK=${TOOLDIR}/bin/${MACHINE_GNU_PLATFORM}-fdisk
FTP=ftp
#FTP=lukemftp
FTP_OPTIONS=-V
MKDIR=mkdir
RM=rm
SH=sh
SED=sed
TAR=tar
TARGETROOTDIR=targetroot.${MACHINE}
DOWNLOADDIR=download.${MACHINE}
WORKDIR=work.${MACHINE}
IMAGE=${WORKDIR}/${MACHINE}.img

#
# target image size settings
#
IMAGEMB=1024                    # 1024MB
SWAPMB=128                      # 128MB
IMAGESECTORS=`expr ${IMAGEMB} \* 1024 \* 1024 / 512`
SWAPSECTORS=`expr ${SWAPMB} \* 1024 \* 1024 / 512`

LABELSECTORS=0
if [ "${USE_MBR}" = "yes" ]; then
        LABELSECTORS=63         # historical
fi
BSDPARTSECTORS=`expr ${IMAGESECTORS} - ${LABELSECTORS}`
FSSECTORS=`expr ${IMAGESECTORS} - ${SWAPSECTORS} - ${LABELSECTORS}`
FSOFFSET=${LABELSECTORS}
SWAPOFFSET=`expr ${LABELSECTORS} + ${FSSECTORS}`
FSSIZE=`expr ${FSSECTORS} \* 512`
HEADS=64
SECTORS=32
CYLINDERS=`expr ${IMAGESECTORS} / \( ${HEADS} \* ${SECTORS} \)`
FSCYLINDERS=`expr ${FSSECTORS} / \( ${HEADS} \* ${SECTORS} \)`
SWAPCYLINDERS=`expr ${SWAPSECTORS} / \( ${HEADS} \* ${SECTORS} \)`
MBRCYLINDERS=`expr ${IMAGESECTORS} / 255 / 63`

#
# get binary sets
#
URL_SETS=ftp://${FTPHOST}/${RELEASEDIR}/${MACHINE}/binary/sets
SETS="${KERN_SET} base etc ${EXTRA_SETS}"
${MKDIR} -p ${DOWNLOADDIR}
for set in ${SETS}; do
        if [ ! -f ${DOWNLOADDIR}/${set}.tgz ]; then
                echo Fetching ${set}.tgz...
                ${FTP} ${FTP_OPTIONS} \
                    -o ${DOWNLOADDIR}/${set}.tgz ${URL_SETS}/${set}.tgz
        fi
done

#
# create targetroot
#
echo Removing ${TARGETROOTDIR}...
${RM} -rf ${TARGETROOTDIR}
${MKDIR} -p ${TARGETROOTDIR}
for set in ${SETS}; do
        echo Extracting ${set}...
        ${TAR} -C ${TARGETROOTDIR} -zxf ${DOWNLOADDIR}/${set}.tgz
done
# XXX /var/spool/ftp/hidden is unreadable
chmod u+r ${TARGETROOTDIR}/var/spool/ftp/hidden

# copy secondary boot for bootstrap
# XXX probabry more machine dependent
if [ ! -z ${SECONDARY_BOOT} ]; then
        echo Copying secondary boot...
        ${CP} ${TARGETROOTDIR}/usr/mdec/${SECONDARY_BOOT} ${TARGETROOTDIR}
fi

#
# create target fs
#
echo Removing ${WORKDIR}...
${RM} -rf ${WORKDIR}
${MKDIR} -p ${WORKDIR}

echo Preparing /etc/fstab...
${CAT} > ${WORKDIR}/fstab <<EOF
/dev/${BOOTDISK}a       /               ffs     rw,log          1 1
/dev/${BOOTDISK}b       none            none    sw              0 0
ptyfs           /dev/pts        ptyfs   rw              0 0
kernfs          /kern           kernfs  rw,noauto       0 0
procfs          /proc           procfs  rw,noauto       0 0
EOF
${CP} ${WORKDIR}/fstab  ${TARGETROOTDIR}/etc

echo Setting rc_configured=YES in /etc/rc.conf...
${CAT} ${TARGETROOTDIR}/etc/rc.conf | \
        ${SED} -e 's/rc_configured=NO/rc_configured=YES/' > ${WORKDIR}/rc.conf
${CP} ${WORKDIR}/rc.conf ${TARGETROOTDIR}/etc

echo Preparing spec file for makefs...
${CAT} ${TARGETROOTDIR}/etc/mtree/* | \
        ${SED} -e 's/ size=[0-9]*//' > ${WORKDIR}/spec
${SH} ${TARGETROOTDIR}/dev/MAKEDEV -s all | \
        ${SED} -e '/^\. type=dir/d' -e 's,^\.,./dev,' >> ${WORKDIR}/spec

echo Creating rootfs...
${TOOLDIR}/bin/nbmakefs -M ${FSSIZE} -B ${TARGET_ENDIAN} \
        -F ${WORKDIR}/spec -N ${TARGETROOTDIR}/etc \
        ${WORKDIR}/rootfs ${TARGETROOTDIR}

echo Installing bootstrap...
${TOOLDIR}/bin/nbinstallboot -v -m ${MACHINE} ${WORKDIR}/rootfs \
    ${TARGETROOTDIR}/usr/mdec/${PRIMARY_BOOT} ${SECONDARY_BOOT_ARG}

echo Creating swap fs
${DD} if=/dev/zero of=${WORKDIR}/swap count=${SWAPSECTORS}

echo Copying target disk image...
if [ ${LABELSECTORS} != 0 ]; then
        ${DD} if=/dev/zero of=${WORKDIR}/mbrsectors count=${LABELSECTORS}
        ${CAT} ${WORKDIR}/mbrsectors ${WORKDIR}/rootfs ${WORKDIR}/swap \
            > ${IMAGE}
else
        ${CAT} ${WORKDIR}/rootfs ${WORKDIR}/swap > ${IMAGE}
fi

if [ ${LABELSECTORS} != 0 ]; then
        echo creating MBR labels...
        ${FDISK} -f -u \
            -b ${MBRCYLINDERS}/255/63 \
            -0 -a -s 169/${FSOFFSET}/${FSSECTORS} \
            -i -c ${TARGETROOTDIR}/usr/mdec/mbr \
            -F ${IMAGE}
fi

echo Creating disklabel...
${CAT} > ${WORKDIR}/labelproto <<EOF
type: ESDI
disk: image
label: 
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: ${SECTORS}
tracks/cylinder: ${HEADS}
sectors/cylinder: `expr ${HEADS} \* ${SECTORS}`
cylinders: ${CYLINDERS}
total sectors: ${IMAGESECTORS}
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0           # microseconds
track-to-track seek: 0  # microseconds
drivedata: 0 

8 partitions:
#        size    offset     fstype [fsize bsize cpg/sgs]
a:    ${FSSECTORS} ${FSOFFSET} 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16
b:    ${SWAPSECTORS} ${SWAPOFFSET} swap
c:    ${BSDPARTSECTORS} ${FSOFFSET} unused 0 0
d:    ${IMAGESECTORS} 0 unused 0 0
EOF

${DISKLABEL} -R -F ${IMAGE} ${WORKDIR}/labelproto

if [ ! -z ${SUNLABEL} ]; then
        echo Creating sun disklabel...
        printf 'V ncyl %d\nV nhead %d\nV nsect %d\na %d %d/0/0\nb %d 
%d/0/0\nW\n' \
            ${CYLINDERS} ${HEADS} ${SECTORS} \
            ${FSOFFSET} ${FSCYLINDERS} ${FSCYLINDERS} ${SWAPCLYINDERS} | \
            ${SUNLABEL} -nq ${IMAGE}
fi

# XXX some ${MACHINE} needs disklabel for installboot
#${TOOLDIR}/bin/nbinstallboot -vm ${MACHINE} ${MACHINE}.img \
#    ${TARGETROOTDIR}/usr/mdec/${PRIMARY_BOOT}

echo Creating image \"${IMAGE}\" complete.

if [ "${TESTIMAGE}" != "yes" ]; then exit; fi

#
# for test on emulators...
#
if [ "${MACHINE}" = "amd64" -a -x /usr/pkg/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 ]; then
        qemu-system-x86_64 -hda ${IMAGE} -boot c
fi
if [ "${MACHINE}" = "i386" -a -x /usr/pkg/bin/qemu ]; then
        qemu -hda ${IMAGE} -boot c
fi
if [ "${MACHINE}" = "pmax" -a -x /usr/pkg/bin/gxemul ]; then
        gxemul -Xe 3max -d ${IMAGE}
fi

if [ "${MACHINE}" = "sparc" -a -x /usr/pkg/bin/qemu-system-sparc ]; then
        dd if=/dev/zero of=${WORKDIR}/dummy.iso bs=1m count=1
        # XXX dumps core after mountroot()
        qemu-system-sparc -hda ${IMAGE} -cdrom ${WORKDIR}/dummy.iso
fi
if [ "${MACHINE}" = "sparc" -a -x /usr/pkg/bin/tmesh ]; then
        (cd ${WORKDIR}; ${FTP} ${FTP_OPTION} \
            http://people.csail.mit.edu/fredette/tme/sun4-75-rev-2.9.bin )
        (cd ${WORKDIR}; ${FTP} ${FTP_OPTION} \
            http://people.csail.mit.edu/fredette/tme/SUNW,501-1415.bin )
        (cd ${WORKDIR}; ${FTP} ${FTP_OPTION} \
            http://people.csail.mit.edu/fredette/tme/SUNW,501-1561.bin )
        dd if=/dev/zero bs=1 count=2008 of=${WORKDIR}/my-sun4c-nvram.bin
        tme-sun-idprom SS2 8:0:20:0:0:1 >> ${WORKDIR}/my-sun4c-nvram.bin
        cp /usr/pkg/share/examples/tme/sun-keyboards.txt ${WORKDIR}
        cp /usr/pkg/share/examples/tme/my-sun-macros.txt ${WORKDIR}
        ${SED} -e 's/^#command/command/' -e 's/my-sun4c-disk/sparc/' \
            /usr/pkg/share/examples/tme/SUN4-75 > ${WORKDIR}/SUN4
        # XXX
        echo see http://people.csail.mit.edu/fredette/tme/sun4-75-nbsd.html \
            to get boot prompt.
        (cd ${WORKDIR}; tmesh SUN4)
fi
if [ "${MACHINE}" = "sparc64" -a -x /usr/pkg/bin/qemu-system-sparc64 ]; then
        dd if=/dev/zero of=${WORKDIR}/dummy.iso bs=1m count=1
        # XXX dumps core after mountroot()
        qemu-system-sparc64 -hda ${IMAGE} -cdrom ${WORKDIR}/dummy.iso
fi
if [ "${MACHINE}" = "sun2" -a -x /usr/pkg/bin/tmesh ]; then
        (cd ${WORKDIR}; ${FTP} ${FTP_OPTION} \
            http://people.csail.mit.edu/fredette/tme/sun2-multi-rev-R.bin )
        tme-sun-idprom 2/120 8:0:20:0:0:1 > ${WORKDIR}/my-sun2-idprom.bin
        cp /usr/pkg/share/examples/tme/sun-keyboards.txt ${WORKDIR}
        cp /usr/pkg/share/examples/tme/my-sun-macros.txt ${WORKDIR}
        ${SED} -e 's/^# command/command/' -e 's/my-sun2-disk/sun2/' \
            /usr/pkg/share/examples/tme/SUN2-MULTIBUS > ${WORKDIR}/SUN2
        (cd ${WORKDIR}; tmesh SUN2)
fi
if [ "${MACHINE}" = "sun3" -a -x /usr/pkg/bin/tmesh ]; then
        (cd ${WORKDIR}; ${FTP} ${FTP_OPTION} \
            http://people.csail.mit.edu/fredette/tme/sun3-carrera-rev-3.0.bin )
        tme-sun-idprom 3/150 8:0:20:0:0:1 > ${WORKDIR}/my-sun3-idprom.bin
        cp /usr/pkg/share/examples/tme/sun3-carrera-eeprom.txt \
            ${WORKDIR}/my-sun3-eeprom.txt
        tme-sun-eeprom < ${WORKDIR}/my-sun3-eeprom.txt \
            > ${WORKDIR}/my-sun3-eeprom.bin
        cp /usr/pkg/share/examples/tme/sun-keyboards.txt ${WORKDIR}
        cp /usr/pkg/share/examples/tme/my-sun-macros.txt ${WORKDIR}
        ${SED} -e 's/^# command/command/' -e 's/my-sun3-disk/sun3/' \
            /usr/pkg/share/examples/tme/SUN3-CARRERA > ${WORKDIR}/SUN3
        (cd ${WORKDIR}; tmesh SUN3)
fi
if [ "${MACHINE}" = "vax" -a -x /usr/pkg/bin/simh-vax ]; then
        
        ${CAT} > ${WORKDIR}/netbsd.conf <<EOF
load -r /usr/pkg/share/simh/ka655x.bin
set cpu 256m
set rq0 ra92
at rq0 ${MACHINE}.img
boot cpu
EOF
        echo type \"boot dua0\" to boot from image.
        (cd ${WORKDIR}; simh-vax netbsd.conf)
fi
References:
- Re: NetBSD/sparc running on qemu
  - From: Michael
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