Subject: very slow performance on filesystem meta-data in 1.6 -current
To: None <port-macppc@netbsd.org>
From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Erik_=C4ngg=E5rd?= <erik.anggard@packetfront.com>
List: port-macppc
Date: 07/15/2002 22:58:29
This message is in MIME format.

---MOQ10267667098382ff7c2462cac0a2704d5bf291f291
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Hi,

(I'm not sure this only macppc-related so I also cc:ed tech-kern).

We have an old Mac (about a year old, 500MHz I think) running a -current
kernel from January (1.5ZA) that works very well. A few weeks ago we
bought two new Macs (QuickSilver 2002, 800MHz) to replace the old one.
After having installed a 1.6 snapshot (I think it was 200207060000) on
the new Macs we started to try them out by compiling some stuff. Much to
our disappointment we discovered that the two new Macs were much slower
than the old one. I then ran some benchmark-tests from
/usr/pkgsrc/benchmarks and the new Macs came out on top in all of them
except for tests involving file system meta-data (i.e. creating and
deleting files). Just writing data to a file was somewhat faster on the
new Macs so it doesn't seem to be a problem with disk i/o. I then wrote
a little program that just creates 1000 files and timed it on different
types of filesystems and came up with the following table:

                             Old Mac        New Mac
local disk                   0.7s           19s
local disk w soft updates    n/a            0.3s
nfs mounted directory        1s             29s

As you can see turning on soft updates solved the problem for local disk
access but since we use nfs quite a lot it doesn't help us much.

I've update the sources on the new Macs and recompiled the kernel every
other day (last time today) but so far it hasn't solved this problem.
I've skimmed the mailing-lists for the last two months and I've seen
quite a few posts about preformance-issues but nothing directly related
to filesystem meta-data.

So my question is: has anyone else experienced problems like this? Is
there a known solution?

I've attached a few files that might be of interest:
- dmesg.oldmac: dmesg from the old Mac
- dmesg.newmac: dmesg from one of the new Macs
- metatst.c: the simple program I ran to time creation of files.

I also put a file on a web-server: http://195.163.5.2/gprof.metatst  
It is output from gprof after profiling of kernel during a run of "metatst 1000"
in an nfs-directory mounted on one of the new Macs.

I'd also be very grateful if there is anyone on the list with a
QuickSilver 2002 800MHz Mac that would like to run and time the attached
metatst program to see if they get the same figures.

Thanks,
Erik

---MOQ10267667098382ff7c2462cac0a2704d5bf291f291
Content-Type: application/octet-stream; name="dmesg.oldmac"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="dmesg.oldmac"
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---MOQ10267667098382ff7c2462cac0a2704d5bf291f291
Content-Type: text/plain; name="dmesg.newmac"; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="dmesg.newmac"

NetBSD 1.6D (BANANA-$Revision: 1.138 $) #3: Mon Jul 15 17:57:37 CEST 2002
    eriang@banana:/usr/src/sys/arch/macppc/compile/BANANA.PROF
total memory = 512 MB
avail memory = 461 MB
using 3072 buffers containing 26316 KB of memory
mainbus0 (root)
cpu0 at mainbus0: 7450 (Revision 2.1), ID 0 (primary)
cpu0: HID0 8450c0bc<EMCP,TBEN,NAP,DPM,ICE,DCE,SGE,BTIC,LRSTK,FOLD,BHT>
cpu0: 800.00 MHz
cpu0: 256KB L2 cache
uninorth0 at mainbus0
pci0 at uninorth0 bus 0
pci0: i/o space, memory space enabled
pchb0 at pci0 dev 11 function 0
pchb0: Apple Computer UniNorth AGP Interface (rev. 0x00)
ofb0 at pci0 dev 16 function 0: ATI Technologies Radeon 7500
ofb0: 640 x 480, 8bpp
wsdisplay0 at ofb0 kbdmux 1: console (std, vt100 emulation)
wsmux1: connecting to wsdisplay0
uninorth1 at mainbus0
pci1 at uninorth1 bus 0
pci1: i/o space, memory space enabled
pchb1 at pci1 dev 11 function 0
pchb1: Apple Computer UniNorth Host-PCI Bridge (rev. 0x00)
obio0 at pci1 dev 23 function 0: addr 0x80000000
zsc0 at obio0 offset 0x13000: irq 22,23
zstty0 at zsc0 channel 0
zstty1 at zsc0 channel 1
i2s at obio0 offset 0x10000 not configured
adb0 at obio0 offset 0x16000 irq 47: pm_adb_op: timeout. command = 0x0
0 targets
aed0 at adb0 addr 0: ADB Event device
apm0 at adb0: battery flags 0x1, 0% charged
wdc0 at obio0 offset 0x1f000 irq 19: DMA transfer
wd0 at wdc0 channel 0 drive 0: <IBM-IC35L040AVER07-0>
wd0: drive supports 16-sector PIO transfers, LBA addressing
wd0: 39266 MB, 16383 cyl, 16 head, 63 sec, 512 bytes/sect x 80418240 sectors
wd0: drive supports PIO mode 4, DMA mode 2, Ultra-DMA mode 5 (Ultra/100)
ata4 conf[0] = 0xc519465, cyc = 2 (30 ns), act = 6 (90 ns), inact = 3
wd0(wdc0:0:0): using PIO mode 4, DMA mode 2, Ultra-DMA mode 4 (Ultra/66) (using DMA data transfers)
wdc1 at obio0 offset 0x20000 irq 20: DMA transfer
atapibus0 at wdc1 channel 0: 2 targets
cd0 at atapibus0 drive 0: <SONY    CD-RW  CRX170E, , 2.2d> type 5 cdrom removable
cd0: drive supports PIO mode 4, DMA mode 2
conf[0] = 0x11823, cyc = 4 (120 ns), act = 3 (75 ns), inact = 1
cd0(wdc1:0:0): using PIO mode 4, DMA mode 2 (using DMA data transfers)
wdc2 at obio0 offset 0x21000 irq 21: DMA transfer
ohci0 at pci1 dev 24 function 0: Apple Computer KeyLargo USB Controller (rev. 0x00)
ohci0: interrupting at irq 27
ohci0: OHCI version 1.0
usb0 at ohci0: USB revision 1.0
uhub0 at usb0
uhub0: Apple Computer OHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
ohci1 at pci1 dev 25 function 0: Apple Computer KeyLargo USB Controller (rev. 0x00)
ohci1: interrupting at irq 28
ohci1: OHCI version 1.0
usb1 at ohci1: USB revision 1.0
uhub1 at usb1
uhub1: Apple Computer OHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1
uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uninorth2 at mainbus0
pci2 at uninorth2 bus 0
pci2: i/o space, memory space enabled
pchb2 at pci2 dev 11 function 0
pchb2: Apple Computer UniNorth Host-PCI Bridge (rev. 0x00)
fwohci0 at pci2 dev 14 function 0: Lucent Technologies product 0x5811 (rev. 0x00)
fwohci0: interrupting at irq 40
fwohci0: OHCI 1.0, 00:03:93:ff:fe:7b:51:cc, 400Mb/s, 2048 max_rec, 8 iso_ctx
gm0 at pci2 dev 15 function 0: Ethernet address 00:03:93:7b:51:cc
gm0: interrupting at irq 41
brgphy0 at gm0 phy 0: BCM5421 1000BASE-T media interface, rev. 1
brgphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, 1000baseT, 1000baseT-FDX, auto
Profiling kernel, textsize=3022680 [800000..ae1f58]
fw0 at fwohci0: 00:03:93:ff:fe:7b:51:cc:0a:02:20:00:00:00:00:00
uhub2 at uhub1 port 1
uhub2: Mitsumi Electric Hub in Apple Extended USB Keyboard, class 9/0, rev 1.10/1.22, addr 2
uhub2: 3 ports with 2 removable, bus powered
uhidev0 at uhub2 port 1 configuration 1 interface 0
uhidev0: Mitsumi Electric Apple Extended USB Keyboard, rev 1.10/1.22, addr 3, iclass 3/1
ukbd0 at uhidev0: 8 modifier keys, 6 key codes
wskbd1 at ukbd0: console keyboard, using wsdisplay0
uhidev1 at uhub2 port 1 configuration 1 interface 1
uhidev1: Mitsumi Electric Apple Extended USB Keyboard, rev 1.10/1.22, addr 3, iclass 3/0
uhidev1: 3 report ids
uhid0 at uhidev1 reportid 2: input=1, output=0, feature=0
uhid1 at uhidev1 reportid 3: input=3, output=0, feature=0
uhidev2 at uhub2 port 2 configuration 1 interface 0
uhidev2: Fujitsu Component Apple Optical USB Mouse, rev 1.10/1.00, addr 4, iclass 3/1
ums0 at uhidev2: 1 button
wsmouse1 at ums0 mux 0
boot device: wd0
root on wd0a dumps on wd0b

---MOQ10267667098382ff7c2462cac0a2704d5bf291f291
Content-Type: text/plain; name="metatst.c"; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="metatst.c"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int i, n, fd;
	char fname[100];

	if (argc < 2) {
		fprintf(stderr, "usage: metatst num\n");
		exit (1);
	}

	n = atoi(argv[1]);


	printf("Creating %d files...\n", n);

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		snprintf(fname, 99, "metatst.%d", i);
		fd = open(fname, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0664);
		close(fd);
	}

	return (0);
}

---MOQ10267667098382ff7c2462cac0a2704d5bf291f291--